Peat

Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter that is unique mainly to natural wetlands. Over thousands of years, plant material—mostly sphagnum moss, but also grasses, trees, and other plant types—accumulates in wet environments, forming layers of peat soil that are both waterlogged and low in oxygen, slowing the rate of decomposition.

The scent profile of peat is distinctively earthy and smoky. When peat is burned, which is common in regions like Scotland where it is used in the malting process of whisky production, it releases a rich aroma that combines notes of damp earth, moss, and wood with a pronounced smoky character. The intensity of the smoke depends on the concentration and types of vegetation from which the peat is formed. Additionally, there may be subtle undertones of decay and a slight minerality, reminiscent of the wet, boggy areas where peat forms. This complex aroma is highly valued, particularly in the production of peated Scotch whisky, where it imparts deep, smoky flavors to the spirit.