Juniper berries are not true berries but small, seed cones from various species of juniper trees and shrubs, primarily Juniperus communis. These "berries" are actually fleshy cones with merged scales, taking two to three years to mature. Initially hard and green, they ripen to a plump, purplish-blue appearance with a slightly waxy texture.
The scent profile of juniper berries is distinctively fresh, woody, and spicy with a crisp, clear aroma. There are also notable piney and resinous undertones, reflecting their conifer origin. Their flavor is somewhat pine-like too, with hints of citrus and a mildly peppery finish. This unique fragrance and taste make juniper berries especially popular in flavoring gin and various culinary applications, including as a spice in European cuisines.
Juniper berries are often used in essential oils and aromatherapy, where their clean, invigorating scent is valued for its believed capacity to support respiratory health and relieve tension and stress.