Coriander seed is the dried, round fruit of the coriander plant (Coriandrum sativum), an herbaceous plant belonging to the Apiaceae family, which also includes celery, carrots, and parsley. It is typically brown or light brown in color and has a slight ridge running around its sides.
The scent profile of coriander seed is complex and distinctive. It largely features a warm, nutty, and spicy aroma that is slightly citrusy. Many people note hints of lemon or orange peel mixed with a peppery, slightly woody fragrance. There's also a touch of sweetness and a floral back note that can be likened to cumin, to which it is botanically related.
Coriander seed is used whole or ground and is a staple in spice blends such as garam masala, curry powders, and Latin American seasonings. The multifaceted flavor profile of coriander seeds makes them versatile for various culinary uses, from savory dishes to certain sweet baked goods. Its aroma is particularly valued for adding depth and a melding of flavors in complex dishes.